Lackawanna County Coal Mine
The tour will take you 300 feet below the earth into the pitch blackness old-time miners, some as young as seven or eight, had to face. While you won't have to deal with poisonous gases, you will feel the chill. The Lackawanna Coal Mine Tour is open from April 1st through November 30th and is closed only on Thanksgiving Day ackawanna County is the youngest of Pennsylvania's 67 Counties, having been formed in 1878 from part of Luzerne County after a long dispute. Despite its relative youth, Lackawanna County has played a large role in not only the development of the State and Country, but also the world.
The Capoose Tribe of Native Americans was the original inhabitants of the area that would become Lackawanna County. However, in the late 1700′s European settlers traveled from Connecticut to the valley because of the rich iron ore deposits used to make iron and steel. Soon, blast furnaces and forges began populating the landscape, marketing their product to neighboring towns. Small businesses followed the forges and modest communities began to form. Slocum Hollow, located where Scranton is today, opened a post office in 1811.
Another valuable asset to the area would soon be discovered. Anthracite coal lay underneath the entire region. Perhaps the first to realize the importance of coal were brothers John, William and Maurice Wurts. The brothers purchased land in what is Carbondale today and began mining. The Wurts had planned to ship the coal to Philadelphia but when coal mining began in the Lehigh and Schuylkill regions, those areas supplied Philadelphia. The brothers then formed the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company. The idea was to transport coal from Carbondale's mines to Honesdale via a gravity railroad and from Honesdale to Roundout, New York, by a canal. From Roundout, the coal was transported down the Hudson River to New York City. With the success of the gravity railroad and canal system, additional gravity lines were extended from Carbondale down throughout the valley.
The Delaware and Hudson Canal Company was the first million-dollar private enterprise in the United States, and it led to the first suspension aqueducts that were built by John A. Roebling of Brooklyn Bridge fame and later to the first operation of a railroad locomotive, the
"Stourbridge Lion," in America.
In 1842, William Henry, a native of Nazareth who had been operating a blast furnace in New Jersey, arrived with his son-in-law, Seldon T. Scranton. William Henry was a geologist and surveyor. He had previously visited the area and had discovered deposits of iron ore in the hills surrounding the Roaring Brook and Lackawanna River. Soon, Seldon's brother, George W. Scranton, arrived from Connecticut; the Slocum property was purchased, and funds were secured from a number of venture capitalists for the construction of the Lackawanna Furnace. By 1846, the Lackawanna Furnace and Rolling Mills Company was producing nails for market.
In 1847, the Scranton brothers invited their cousin, Joseph H. Scranton, who was a successful Georgia merchant, to invest in the growing industry. George secured a contract from the Erie Railroad to produce "T" rails for a line from Port Jervis to Binghamton. Conversion of the small iron-mill to a rail-producing factory was both expensive and risky. The project was completed on December 27, 1848. In the same year, a U.S. Post Office was established in the town then called
"Scrantonia" named after the Scranton family. Also, during this time period the first wave of immigrants from England, Wales, Ireland, and Germany was beginning to settle in the region.
The Scrantons, realizing that money was located in coal, began to concentrate on its mining and transportation in the 1850′s. Their efforts led to the formation of the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad. The railroad company controlled a network of coal mines that had mined and shipped two million tons of coal by 1868.
Coal, steel and railroads played huge roles in the development of late 19th and early 20th Century America. The industrial boom was happening here, and in Europe, and these three items were in great demand. Lackawanna County happened to manufacture all three. This led to a very prosperous time in Northeast Pennsylvania. Residential settlements popped up wherever coal was mined and, despite lacking access to ports or navigatable waterways, the economy ran smoothly because there was a need for "black gold", steel and rail ties.
While the coal boom was taking place a movement was also being undertaken by the people of current day Lackawanna County. In 1810, Bradford and Susquehanna County seceded from Luzerne County with little fanfare; however, in 1839 when the people of Lackawanna County first asked for their own sovereignty the powers that be in Wilkes-Barre, the County seat, became alarmed. Shortly before this time the valuable anthracite coal fields of Lackawanna County had been discovered and Luzerne County did not want to lose this asset.
The initial attempt at secession failed. There was no representation of upper-Luzerne County in Harrisburg and the motion fell on deaf ears. To prevent the idea from gaining momentum, Luzerne County consented to the formation of Wyoming County, which had very little value, on the notion that Luzerne County had been reduced to a size too small to lose any more territory.
However, Scranton continued to grow and was now bigger than Wilkes-Barre in population, industry and tax-base. There was an increasing pressure for a new County. Wilkes-Barre struck again and pushed a constitutional amendment through that would not allow the establishment of a new County without the majority vote of both segments of the county about to be divided. It was thought to be the straw that broke the camel's back as far as the secession of Lackawanna County.
It wasn't until 1874 that a new development in the battle took place. A new State constitution omitted the provision passed that needed a majority vote through both segments of the potentially divided county. The new law allowed voters of the proposed county to decide their fate. On August 13, 1878, after nearly forty years of struggle, citizens of Lackawanna County voted nearly 6 to 1 in favor of the creation of a new County. On August 21st of that year it became official. It was a move that made sense. Scranton had long surpassed Wilkes-Barre as Northeast PA's first city and it was impractical for Scranton's municipal business to take place in Wilkes-Barre.
Lackawanna County enjoyed nearly a century of growth and prosperity. In the 1880′s, the first electric street car system in the United States was built in Scranton, thus earning it the nickname "The Electric City". Coal breakers dominated the skyline of every community in the County and modern day America was being built off the resources of Lackawanna County. Silk factories became an important part of the local economy, with the first one opening in Scranton in 1872. Many institutions of higher learning were formed during this period as well including Keystone College in La Plume (1869), St. Thomas College (now known as the University of Scranton, 1888), Marywood College (now a university, 1915) and many more.
This time also saw many immigrants coming to the area in search of employment in the coal mines. Scores of Irish, Polish, Italian and Russian immigrants took to the mines and thus the rich, ethnic history of our County began to take form. The fingerprints of this heritage can be seen throughout our County today.
Shortly after the turn of the Century things slowly turned for the worse in Lackawanna County. Labor strikes were becoming increasingly more frequent as members of the coal miners' union fought for higher wages and better working conditions, the biggest taking place in 1902. That same year the Scrantons' own Lackawanna Steel Company left for Buffalo. In the following decade, oil was discovered as a cheaper, cleaner means of energy. Coal became increasingly less popular as time went by, hitting rock bottom during the Great Depression of the 1930′s, seeing new life during World War II, but disappearing for all intents and purposes in the 1950′s. The driving force behind Lackawanna County's economy was gone.
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